![]() 46 examined patients in a dual substance dependency treatment program and found that patients with higher motivation to stop drinking and lower motivation to quit smoking were more likely to remain in treatment. 43 reported that, among 2,316 smokers in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, smoking cessation was related to improved drug abstinence rates ( p =. 9, 21, 40 - 45 Some research in which patients' smoking was not a focus of treatment have also reported similar results. Most clinical research studies of patients in treatment for alcohol use disorders in which smoking cessation was a targeted outcome have typically found that smoking cessation enhanced alcohol abstinence, or at least did not hurt sobriety. 39 found that alcoholics from a detoxification unit who reported using smoking to cope with urges to drink were less likely to relapse to alcohol use than individuals who rarely or never smoked for this purpose. Expectancies regarding the belief that smoking will help to suppress drinking urges might also play a role cigarettes' role in alcohol abstinence. 33 reported opposite findings from those of Cooney et al., 36 although their study examined hazardous, and not dependent, drinkers. 37, 38 found that nicotine decreased the effects of ethanol withdrawal, thereby making at least the initial part of alcoholism treatment more tolerable. In contrast however, some research suggests that smoking might actually help those in treatment remain abstinent from alcohol use. 36 reported that non-nicotine deprived smokers responded to alcohol cues with increased alcohol and cigarette cravings, whereas nicotine-deprived alcoholics exposed to alcohol cues showed only increased smoking urges but no increased urge to drink. 29 - 34 Smoking may have made the shift from moderate to heavy drinking more likely by decreasing the effects of alcohol intoxication, suggesting that smoking may help alcohol consumption continue if relapse occurs. For example, use of one substance may trigger use of the other through conditioning mechanisms (i.e., cross-cue reactivity) because of repeated usage of alcohol/drugs when smoking. In terms of alcohol-related outcomes, some research has suggested that continued cigarette use during and after treatment may help to facilitate alcohol consumption, and perhaps relapse, for several reasons. 12, 18, 20 - 26 Despite the dangers of continued smoking and the fact that patients in recovery can stop, substance abuse treatment clinicians are often reluctant to advise their patients to quit smoking. 12, 16, 18 - 24 One-year post-treatment quit rates, however, are typically lower than those reported for the general population, ranging from 1-13%. Several studies indicate that tobacco treatment, including pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions, are efficacious for individuals in treatment for substance use disorders. 10, 11 High smoking rates are likely to continue after substance abuse treatment, 12, 13 and use of both alcohol/drugs and tobacco appears to be more deleterious to health than use of only a single substance. 1 - 9 They also tend to be heavy smokers. Most individuals with alcohol and drug use disorders are also dependent on nicotine, with rates of current smoking ranging from 60-95%. These findings suggest that individuals in treatment for alcohol use disorders who are motivated to stop smoking can safely be encouraged to do so without jeopardizing their sobriety. In addition, quitters demonstrated a significant reduction in alcohol consumption at the time of smoking cessation, which was sustained for six months post-cessation. Quitters consumed less alcohol than those who continued smoking. Of the 1,307 participants who smoked at any point during the study, 160 (12%) quit. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between smoking cessation and alcohol consumption using data from Project MATCH. Although research indicates that alcoholics can quit smoking, discrepant results have been reported regarding whether smoking cessation is associated with increased risk of alcohol relapse. 2021 doi:10.1001/ individuals with alcohol use disorders are dependent on both alcohol and nicotine, and combined use of both substances is more damaging to health than use of either alone. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Making your plan to quit and planning your quit day.Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in adults. In: Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Overview of smoking cessation management in adults.
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